Human Being dalam Diskursus Eksistensialisme Barat dan Islam: Komparasi Pemikiran Jean-Paul Sartre, Gabriel Marcel, Mulla Sadra dan Muhammad Iqbal

Abstract

Human nature is a material object of the many developing sciences. This article will focuses on the discussion
of human being in terms of existentialism which will be compared between western philosophy and Islamic
philosophy. As a limitation, this paper will only discuss Jean-Paul Sartre and Gabriel Marcel from the west
tradition and Mulla Sadra and Muhammad Iqbal from the Islamic tradition. This selection is based on the
closeness of their thoughts so that comparisons can be made that are anthropocentric because other philosophers,
especially in Islamic tradition, prioritized theological views. This paper finds out that the west and Islam tought
tradition, human philosophy has different perspectives and thus has very different ideas. Western philosophy
tends to depart from the view of humans as humans themselves or in other words their existence as humans.
Meanwhile, Islamic philosophy talks more about human being starting from the view of their relationship with
God, although in its development there was a shift towards anthropocentrism. However, the thoughts of the
four figures above intersect on the aspect of human being in relation to others. The results of the discussion in
this paper shows that it is understood that the western version of philosophical thinking about the relationship
between humans and other people emphasizes the rationality and emotional aspects rather than the spiritualprophetic aspects as found in Islamic existentialism