The Relationship Between Islam and the State in the Qur'an: Sayyid Qutb’s Perspective on Islamic Political Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v8i2.2887Keywords:
Sayyid Qutb, Islamic Political Thought, Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur'ān, Divine Sovereignty, Religion and StateAbstract
This article examines the relationship between Islam and the state from the perspective of Sayyid Qutb, with a focus on his interpretation of political governance in Islam. Sayyid Qutb is renowned for advocating a symbiotic theory, which posits that religion and the state are mutually dependent. In this framework, Islam requires the support of the state to effectively implement its teachings, while the state needs Islam to provide moral and ethical guidance. Qutb’s perspective serves as a middle path between two opposing paradigms: the integralist approach, which fully merges religion and politics, and the secularist approach, which entirely separates them. His ideas have significantly influenced both modernist and neo-modernist movements within Islamic political thought. By analyzing Qutb’s writings and interpretations, this study underscores the continuing relevance of his ideas in contemporary debates on the role of Islam in governance. The findings suggest that his symbiotic model provides a compelling framework for understanding the dynamic interaction between religion and politics in Islamic societies. Practically, this research offers insights for policymakers and scholars regarding the integration of Islamic values into modern governance systems. Future studies could further explore the implications of this paradigm across diverse sociopolitical contexts, particularly in Muslim-majority countries.
Downloads
References
‘Imarah, Muhammad. “Al-Islam Wa Darurah Al-Taghyir.” Majalah ‘Arobi I (1997): 32,34.
Abyhara, Abu Bakar. Pengantar Ilmu Politik. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media, 2010.
Afsaruddin, Asma. “Islam, Political Governance, and Secularism: Examining a Fraught Relationship.” In Secularism in Comparative Perspective: Religions Across Political Contexts, 9–23. Springer, 2023.
Ahmad, Zainal Abidin. Membentuk Negara Islam. Jakarta: Widjaya, 1956.
Akbar, A Fadly Rahman, Asif Trisnani, and Rine Heriska. “The Concept of Infaq in The Qur’an According to Sayyid Quthb and Its Relevance to The Concept of Philanthropy.” KACA (Karunia Cahaya Allah): Jurnal Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin 15, no. 1 (2025): 27–67.
Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib. Islam and Secularism. Kuala Lumpur: Istac, 1993.
al-Buthy, Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan. Sirah Nabawiyah. Jakarta: Rabbani Press, 2001.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad. Al-Iqtisad Fi Al-I’tiqad. Beirut: Dar al-Kutaiba, 2003.
al-Masiry, Abdul Wahab. Dirasat Ma’rifiyah Fi Al-Hadarah Al-Gharbiyah. Maktabah al-Syuruq al-Dawliyah, 2006.
al-Mawardi, Imam. Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyyah Wa Al-Wilayah Al-Diniyyah. Translated by Abdul Hayyie and Kamaluddin Nurdin. I. Jakarta: GIP, 2000.
al-Mubarakfury, Shafiyyur Rahman. Al-Rahiq Al-Makhtum. Jakarta: Rabbani Press, 2010.
al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Al-Diin Wa Al-Siyaasah. Kairo: Daar al-Syuruq, 2007.
al-Wakil, Muhammad Sayyid. Pergerakan Islam Terbesar Abad Ke 14 H, n.d.
Albar, Deni, Dadang Darmawan, and Solehudin Solehudin. “Deradicalizing Interpretation of Jihad Verses by Sayyid Qutb.” Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas 3, no. 1 (2023): 61–70.
Amir, Zainal Abidin. Peta Islam Politik Pasca-Soeharto. Jakarta: LP3ES, 2013.
Armas, Adnin. Pengaruh Kristen-Orientalis Terhadap Islam Liberal: Dialog Interaktif Dengan Aktifis Jaringan Islam Liberal. Jakarta: GIP, 2003.
Binder, Leonard. Islam Liberal: Keritik Terhadap Idiologi-Idiologi Pembangunan. Translated by Iram Mutaqin. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2001.
Black, Anthony. Pemikiran Politik Islam Pada Masa Nabi Hingga Masa Ini, n.d.
Chirzin, Muhammad. Jihad Menurut Sayyid Qutb Dalam Tafsir Zhilal. Solo: Era Intermedia, 2001.
Depdiknas. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2002.
Effendi, Bahtiar. Islam Dan Negara: Transformasi Pemikiran Dan Praktik Politik Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2008.
Effendy, Bahtiar. Teologi Baru Politik Islam. Yogyakarta: Galang Press, 2001.
Eickelman, Dale F, and James Piscatori. Ekspresi Politik Muslim. Translated by Rofik Suhud. Bandung: Mizan, 1998.
Gibb, H A R. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey. II. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.
Hamidi, Ahmad, Asasriwarni Asasriwarni, and Ikhwan Matondang. “The Relationship between Religion and the State in Indonesia, and Its Relation to Islamic Law.” NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–22.
Hidayat, Nuaim. Sayyid Quthb: Biografi Dan Kejernihan Pemikirannya. Jakarta: Perspektif, 2005.
Jufri, Andi, Rosmini Rosmini, and Latifah Abdul Majid. “The Transformation of Political Islam in Indonesia: Adapting to Modernization and Secularization.” Jurnal Adabiyah 24, no. 2 (2024): 226–50.
Kamaruzzaman. Relasi Islam Dan Negara: Perspektif Modernis Dan Fundamentalis. Magelang: Yayasan Indonesia Tera (Anggota IKAPI), 2011.
Khaldun, Abdurahman Ibnu. Muqaddimah Ibnu Khaldun. VIII. Beirut: Daar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
Khamami, A Rizqan. “Sayyid Qutub Dan Perubahan Islamisnya.” Jurnal Kontemplasi 7, no. 2 (November 2010): 172.
Khatab, Sayed. The Political Thought of Sayyid Quthb: The Theory of Jahiliyah. London: New York, 2006.
Ma’arif, Ahmad Syafi’i. Islam Dan Cita-Cita Dan Masalah Kenegaraan. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1985.
Maarif, Ahmad Syafi’i. Polemik Negara Islam: Soekarno Versus Natsir. Jakarta: Teraju, 2002.
Madjid, Nurcholish. “Cita-Cita Politik Kita.” In Aspirasi Umat Islam Indonesia, edited by Bosco Carillo and Dasrizal, 4. Jakarta: Leppenas, 1983.
Mahendra, Yusril Ihza. Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1997.
Maududi, Abul A’la. Khilafah Dan Kerajaan. Translated by Muhammad Al-Baqir. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
Muammar, Khalif. “Politik Islam: Antara Demokrasi Dan Teokrasi.” Majalah Islami II, no. 6 (2005): 99–102.
Musallam, Adnan A. Posthumous Impact on Radical Islamists and Global Jihadists: The Life and Thought of Sayyid Qutb, 1906-1966. Fulton Books, Inc., 2024.
Mustaqim, Abdul, and Sahiron (ed.) Syamsudin. Studi Al-Qur’an Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana, 2002.
Nabil, Fatih Rozan, Arif Firdausi Nur Romadlon, and Edy Wirastho. “The Meaning of Makar in the Qur’an: A Comparative Study of Hamka’s Interpretation in Tafsir Al-Azhar and Sayyid Qutb in Tafsir Fi Zhilal Al-Qur’an.” Al-Shamela: Journal of Quranic and Hadith Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 174–89.
Nasution, Harun. Penjelasan Tentang Beberapa Masalah Pemerintah Dan Kehidupan Beragama, 1981.
Natsir, Muhammad. Persatuan Agama Dan Negara Islam. Padang: Japi, 1968.
Nursyahidah, Risma Ayu, Rofi Nugraha, and Asep Abdul Muhyi. “Islamic View On Secularism Through The Methodology Of Maudhu’i Interpretation.” Bulletin of Islamic Research 2, no. 3 (2024): 365–84.
Parray, Tauseef Ahmad. Islam and Democracy in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2023.
Pektas, Serafettin. “A Comparative Analysis of Three Sunni Muslim Organizations on ‘Moderate’and ‘Radical’Islam in Egypt, Morocco and Indonesia.” Religion 51, no. 2 (2021): 190–213.
Qutb, Sayyid. Al-Adalah Al-Ijtima’iyah Fi Al-Islam. 7th ed. Kairo: Darul Kitab al-‘Arabi, 1967.
———. Ma’alim Fi at-Thariq, n.d.
———. Tafsir Fi Zhilal Al-Qur’an. Translated by As’ad Yasin. Vol. 14, 15. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2004.
Quwaysi, Hamid Abdul-Majid. Al-Wazifah Al-Aqidiyah Li Al-Dawlah Al-Islamiyah: Dirasah Minhajiyah Fi Al-Nazariyah Al-Siyasiyah Al-Islamiyah. Kairo: Dar al-Tawzi’, 1993.
Rosyada, Dede, and others. Demokrasi, Hak Asasi Manusia & Masyarakat Madani. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2000.
Rusjdi, ed. Studi Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, n.d.
Saiful Amin Ghofur. Profil Para Mufasir Al-Qur’an. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani, 2008.
Shamir, Shimon. “Liberalism: From Monarchy to Postrevolution.” In Egypt From Monarchy To Republic, 195–212. Routledge, 2021.
Sjadzali, Munawir. Islam Dan Tata Negara: Ajaran, Sejarah Dan Pemikiran. Jakarta: UI Press, 2013.
Sjadzili, Munawir. Islam Dan Tata Negara: Ajaran, Sejarah Dan Pemikiran. Jakarta: UIPress, 1993.
Smith, Donal Eugene. Religion and Political Development. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1978.
Suharto, Ugi. “Islam Dan Sekularisme: Pandangan Al-Attas Dan Yusuf Qardhawi.” Majalah Islamia II, no. IV (2005): 2.
Syamsuddin, Din. Etika Dalam Membangun Masyarakat Madani. Jakarta: Logos, 2014.
Syarif, Mujar Ibnu, and Khamami Zada. Fiqh Siyasah. Yogyakarta: Erlangga, 2008.
Taimiyah, Ibnu. Min Al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiyyah Fi Naqd Al-Syi’ah Wa Al-Qadariyah. Vol. 1, n.d.
Teh, Wan Zahidi Wan. Pelaksanaan Siyasah Syar’iyyah Dalam Pentadbiran Kerajaan. I. Malaysia: Hazrah Enterprize, 2002.
Zada, Khamami. Islam Radikal: Pergulatan Ormas-Ormas Islam Garis Keras Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Teraju, 2012.
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim, and Roxanne L Euben. “Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from Al-Banna to Bin Laden,” 2021.
Zulkarnain, Fisher, Tata Septayuda Purnama, Ahmad Syaeful Rahman, and Neng Nur Annisa. “The Contribution of Zainal Abidin Ahmad in the Discourse of Fiqh Siyasah in Indonesia.” J. Int’l L. Islamic L. 19 (2023): 99.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Syukron, Abdullah Safei, Iwan Satiri, Muhammad Irawan Taqwa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The use of the articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
