QOF

Ṭabaqāt al-Mufassirīn by al-Suyūṭī and the Affirmation of Non-Sunni Mufassir Authority: A Historiographical Analysis

Muhammad Addien Nastiar, Miski Miski — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Al-Suyūṭī's Ṭabaqāt al-Mufassirīn is the first work of tafsir historiography that became the beginning of the ṭabaqāt genre in the field of exegesis. With regard to the explanation of the exegetes' profiles, there is an interesting fact that al-Suyūṭī (d. 911 AH/1505 CE), who is known as a Sunni scholar, also included the names of non-Sunnī mufasirs (Mu'tazilah and Shī'ah). There are at least eight Mu'tazilah and three Shī'ah mufasirs. A number of important non-Sunnī figures he wrote about such as al-Jubbā'Ī, al-Zamakhsharī, Abū Yusūf Al-Qazwīnī, and others. Based on this fact, a question arises, how does al-Suyūṭī present and construct the authority of non-Sunnī mufasirs in the work? However, this question becomes important because al-Suyūṭī himself was of Sunnī ideology and became a Sunnī figure and automatically played a role in the contestation between ideologies at that time. Using a historiographical approach and interpretative analysis, this study shows that al-Suyūṭī's presentation of non-Sunnī figures appears empathetic by not differentiating patterns in describing the profiles of Sunnī and non-Sunnī figures. The construction of non-Sunnī authority is presented by emphasising the expertise of the relevant figures, the works produced, and positive testimonials in other experts related to the field of the Qur'an. This implies how an attitude of fairness, moderation, tolerance, and respect for differences has been shown by Al-Suyūṭī.

The Quran's Perspective on Followers of Other Religions Through the Interpretation of Tartīb al-Nuzūl by Abid al-Jabiri

Nafisatul Mu'awwanah — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Literally, the Qur'anic verses that speak about people of other religions are ambivalent. A number of verses in the Qur'an appear to criticize them, but in some other verses, neutrality is evident. To compromise these verses, Abid al-Jabiri considers the necessity of knowledge regarding the logical connection between the Quran and the Prophet's preaching era through reading the Quran based on the tartīb al-nuzūl. This paper is aimed at looking at the verses of the Qur'an that talk about people of other religions based on tartīb al-nuzūl, by involving the development of the historical context of the Prophet's da'wah From the results of the reading, it can be seen that first, the Qur'an does not only criticize other religious communities, but also gives appreciation, or is neutral by positioning them as humans in general. Historically, the verses in the form of criticism in the Makkah era were related to the issue of the creed of Muslims and as an answer to the questions of the people of Makkah about the relationship between Islam and other heavenly religions. While the critical verses that were revealed in the Medina era were more of a Qur'anic response to the morals of certain Medina Jews who betrayed the Prophet which at that time led to division. Secondly, the need to live together in harmony through shared understanding is an unavoidable need in the present. The Qur'an criticizes exclusive attitudes and invites openness in religion in order to avoid division.

The Correlation Between Verses as I’jāz al-Qur’ān in Surah-Based Exegesis: A Study of Niẓām and Munasabah

Fachruli Isra Rukmana, Sri Kurniati Yuzar — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The interconnectedness of verses and chapters in the Quran is an intriguing method to be studied in contemporary times. Understanding the interpretation of the Quran is continually promoted by mufassīr from era to era, making Quranic exegesis a continuously evolving product. However, the explanation of the correlation between verses and chapters in the Quran has not received primary attention from scholars. This paper elucidates the concepts of munasabah and niẓām, the differences between them, the factors underlying the emergence of surah-based Quranic exegesis, and attempts to provide examples of interpretations based on the concept of correlation between verses and chapters in the exegesis of Niẓām al-Qur’ān wa Ta’wil al-Furqān bil Furqān. This research includes a literature study (library research). Specifically, the primary data in this study refers to the book Niẓām al-Qur’ān wa Ta’wil al-Furqān bil Furqān. In this article, three issues are addressed: first, what is the focal point of the differences between munasabah and niẓām in the Quran; second, what underlies the emergence of thematic exegesis based on surahs; third, how are munasabah and niẓām implemented in the Quranic interpretation applied by al-Farāhī. This article demonstrates that Al-Farāhī's exegesis book is a reference that should be developed in this era in discussing the concepts of munāsabah and niẓām in Quranic interpretation. Considering the limited attention given by Quranic scholars to interpreting the Quran with the concepts of munāsabah and niẓām, this step becomes possible to encourage once again.

Interpretation of the Fast Tarawih Prayer Tradition by the Congregation: A Living Qur'an Study at Mantenan Islamic Boarding School in Blitar

Cholid Ma'arif, Ahmad Fathurrobbani, Abdul Natsir — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article aimed to uncover the meaning behind the phenomenon of fast tarawih prayers that are traditionalized at the Mantenan Islamic Boarding School during Ramadan. The uniqueness of the fast tarawih prayer lies in the speed of the prayer movement which is considered unusual, so that tarawih can be completed in approximately ten minutes. This phenomenon is often the subject of news among Indonesian Muslims and digital media every time the holy month of Ramadan enters. This research belongs to the scope of living Qur'an studies and field research where data is obtained based on field searches through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. To analyze the phenomenon, the researcher used Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge theory. The results of the study reveal that: First, the fast tarawih congregation of Pondok Mantenan has been carrying out this practice for generations because it has been traditionalized by the pioneering figures of the pesantren. Furthermore, this becomes a practice that corresponds to the pragmatic needs of the congregation. Second, the understanding of religious leaders and fast tarawih pilgrims of the verse of the virtue of Ramadan and night prayers as well as the hadith of alleviating congregational prayers and the virtue of the majlis of knowledge over sunnah prayers is realised as a form of syiar reviving the night of Ramadan through the practice of fast tarawih. Thirdly, the meaning of verses and hadiths that support the practice of fast tarawih is based on the principle of maintaining the instant cultural reality of the community wrapped in religious traditions.

Epistemology Ta’wil: a Study of Hassan Hanafi’s Ideas in Interpreting Al-Qur’an

Taufiqurrahman — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Hassan Hanafi was educated in a fundamentalist Islamic social environment, and then received Western scientific and methodological knowledge. The defeat of Egypt and Islam from Israel and the Egyptian atmosphere which was full of repressive and authoritarian actions, made him a figure who in his way of thinking wanted to find solutions for the development of Islam. One of them is the effort to interpret (ta’wīl) the Qur'an from the current perspective, especially in Egypt. This article will reveal the epistemology initiated by Hassan Hanafi in interpreting the Qur'an, by finding out the sources of interpretation, approaches, and applicative steps in interpreting it and the background. The results of the study found: 1) The source of Hassan Hanafi's interpretation of the Qur'an is taken from oral data and codified data in the form of text, which looks silent but alive, and when we read more will show various forms. 2) Hassan Hanafi's al-Qur'an interpretation approach is ushul fiqh, phenomenology, Marxism and Hermeneutics. 3) The step of interpretation by building a thematic interpretation, by making the problems that occur into the object, to produce the interpretation needed by the community as a solution for progress. From what was initiated by Hanafi, in essence much has been done by previous mufassir. But what makes it different is the situation he experienced made him build a social interpretation of Al-Qur'an, which is reformist, liberating and humanist.

An Analysis of the Sanad Transmission by K.H. Muhammad Arwani (1905 – 1994) and His Role in the Dissemination of Qiraat Sab’ah Knowledge in Indonesia

Muhim Nailul Ulya, Syed Abdul Rahman Alkaff, Hamdani Anwar, Muhammad Ulinnuha — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research delves deeply into the analysis of the sanad network of K.H. Muhammad Arwani (1905-1994 AD) and his role in spreading of Qiraat Sab’ah in Indonesia. Utilizing historical methods and document analysis, this study elucidates the dissemination process of Qiraat Sab’ah knowledge propelled by the contributions of K.H. Muhammad Arwani and his sanad network. The research highlights interpersonal relationships, education, as well as social and cultural factors that facilitated the dissemination and acceptance of Qiraat Sab’ah knowledge among the Indonesian society at that time. The findings of this study provide profound insights into the intellectual legacy of K.H. Muhammad Arwani and how his sanad network played a pivotal role in enriching the tradition of Qiraat Sab’ah in Indonesia. The results of this research hold significant relevance in the context of Indonesia's scholarly history and make a significant contribution to our understanding of the role of scholars in supporting the dissemination of religious knowledge in society.

The Transmission of Fundamentalist Ideology in the Method of Legal Ijtihad: A Study of Ahmad Hassan's Interpretation of the Qur'an in the Book al-Furqon

Abd Muhaimin, Indal Abror — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article is the result of a literature review on the book "al-Furqan" by Ahmad Hassan, focusing on how fundamentalist ideologies are transmitted through the method of legal ijtihad in his interpretation. The research explores two main aspects: first, how A. Hassan's fundamentalist ideology is transmitted through the method of legal ijtihad, and second, how A. Hassan's interpretation practices of legal verses are presented in the book. Using a qualitative method, the researcher collected and analyzed the book "al-Furqan" as the primary data source. Additionally, a review of related books, scholarly articles, and other literature was conducted as secondary data sources. The research findings indicate that A. Hassan, while leaning towards textual interpretation, does not deny contextual approaches in some cases, particularly concerning Islamic law. It is noteworthy that his arguments are often based on opinions from various legal schools (mazhab). He also integrates various approaches according to the context of Islamic law, demonstrating the dynamic and adaptive nature of his ijtihad. The legal ijtihad method developed by Hassan offers a flexible framework rooted in fundamental Islamic principles, allowing its application in various contexts and situations. The study provides insights into how A. Hassan's interpretative approach can enhance understanding of religious texts and their application in modern contexts, showcasing the diversity and richness of thought within the Islamic intellectual tradition.

Contextual Reading of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 222 with the Ma'na Cum Maghza Approach

Rima Rayhana Hana, Akhmad Dasuki, Munirah, Muhammad Hafiz Badarulzaman — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the meaning of the term i’tizāl in QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 222 using the analysis of ma’na cum maghza. In this verse, the word i’tizāl is juxtaposed with the word al-maḥīḍ, indicating the command for husbands to abstain from approaching their wives during menstruation. This research involves literature review. The ma’na cum maghza analysis is employed to explore the historical meaning (al-ma’nā at-tārikhī), the historical context (al-maghzā al-tārikhī), and its contextualization into a dynamic meaning (al-maghzā al-mutaḥarrik). The findings indicate that, from a historical perspective, the verse commands avoidance of the menstruation site (al-maḥiḍ), emphasizing abstaining from sexual relations during menstruation rather than avoiding the menstruating wife (al-hāid), as practiced in ancient traditions. The command to abstain (fa’tazilū) is rooted in the inherent pain (adha) of menstruation for women. Historically, the verse signifies (1) the high status of women, (2) the need for protection against physical and mental illnesses, and (3) the importance for spouses to responsibly control reproductive organs for both health and religious reasons. From a dynamic perspective, the verse highlights the significance of reproductive health, crucial for human survival and lineage preservation (hifz al-nasl). Therefore, in other situations such as when a woman experiences abnormal bleeding (istiḥāḍah) or when the husband faces reproductive disorders and sexually transmitted diseases, the command to abstain from intercourse applies, considering its potential negative impacts.

Meaning Construction in Ancak Tradition: A Study of Living Qur'an

Ibnu Hajar Ansori, Qur’ani Parang Wilwadikta, Evi Dwi Intan Mey Prafita — Sat, 30 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research reveals that the Ancak tradition in Wedoroklurak Village, Candi Sidoarjo, consists of a series of activities aimed at purifying the village in preparation for the upcoming month of Ramadan. Rooted in an understanding of Quranic values, particularly those concerning charity (sedekah) and gratitude (syukur) as outlined in QS. Ibrahim [14]: 7, QS. Luqman [21]: 12, QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 264 and 267, the tradition also embodies the living Quran. Analyzing it through Peter L. Berger's Social Construction perspective, the dialectical interplay of verses within the tradition unfolds in three phases. Firstly, Externalization involves the dialogue between religious figures' ideas about comprehending verses on gratitude and charity with societal elements. Gratitude is construed as an expression of appreciation for Allah's blessings and the village's founding predecessors, expressed through charitable acts and communal prayers. Secondly, Objectivation sees the acceptance of these ideas by the community, institutionalizing them into a collective activity. Community members converge at Mbah Nursinah's tomb, the village's founder, bringing offerings like rice, dishes, fruits, and agricultural products, contributing to communal prayers for the village's founders. Thirdly, Internalization transforms the activity into an integral aspect of community life. Transmitted across generations, this internalization process signifies a robust social construction, where the norms and values of the Ancak tradition become inseparable from the identity and daily life of Wedoroklurak Village's residents.